Workers - Vacations With Pay, Profit-Sharing and Thrift Fund - A study by Artur Victoria

The practice of granting vacations with pay has grown in recent years, both as to eligibility and length of the vacation period. Paid vacations for office workers are standard practice, and in time it will be a privilege extended to all wage earners. Ordinarily, the employee is permitted to select his time of vacation. When there is conflict, caused by too many workers selecting the same time, seniority often determines the preference. leia todo o artigo

Worker Rest Periods - A study by Artur Victoria

A certain amount of fatigue on the part of the worker is inevitable even though a company introduces ways and means of eliminating unnecessary and wasteful physical effort. This is particularly true in precision work, in monotonous repetitive jobs, and in those jobs in which there is the element of danger. Brief rest periods in which to smoke and perhaps eat or relax tend to refresh the workers, increase over-all production, and reduce un-authorized rest pauses. The idea of rest periods is good, but their introduction depends upon plant conditions. In some concerns it might be impractical to break the continuity of work; in others the employees, particularly if on an incentive plan, may resent the break in their production. leia todo o artigo

Pay For Performance In Human Resources - A study by Artur Victoria

Agency theory, the principal - agent model, and the economic theory of incentives are three names for the same thing: a collection of models created by economists to answer this question. We discuss the basic model in this subsection and elaborations following that.

The basic model begins with the supposition that the connection between time and effort exerted by the worker and the fruits of his labor services is not entirely under his control. The employee can influence the amount of work accomplished, by exerting himself, but he can't control output entirely. Supposing he is on the job for a set length of time, we let e denote the effort he chooses to exert over that period of time, and we suppose that the amount of work done x has a probability distribution that is affected by; think for now of the case where e is one-dimensional, and larger values of x are more likely the larger is. leia todo o artigo

Incentive Schemes In Human Resources - A study by Artur Victoria

Incentive schemes are sometimes constructed in which rewards to the individual depend on achieving certain hurdle levels of performance. That is, compensation depends discontinuous on the achievement of some numerical goal. For example, a salesman bonus may depend on whether he surpasses some level of sales, and/or his average commission percentage may jump discontinuous as certain sales figures are exceeded. When effort is spread over time, such schemes can fail to achieve the desired ends. For example, a worker whose performance near the end of the evaluation period is far from the next hurdle will have little incentive to work hard. In contrast, employees who are close to a hurdle will have strong reasons to want to kill themselves (or others!) trying to make it, even at the cost of hurting performance in the future or undertaking dysfunctional actions, such as bilking a valued customer in order to make a quick sale. The salesperson far from the next hurdle may "bank" sales for the next period, while the salesperson close to the next hurdle may try to accelerate sales.

This can be particularly true of comparative schemes, where a prize is given, say, to the best cumulative performer over some period out of a set of employees. In such cases, if one employee builds up a substantial lead over the others, then all may decrease their efforts; those who are behind slow down because there is little chance that they can catch up, and the leader slacks off because those behind have slowed down. In general, the worker's ability to shift the level and nature of effort as time passes makes schemes that evaluate performance over a period of time somewhat tricky. leia todo o artigo