Organizational performance may decline for reasons other than top management neglect of either the leading or lagging aspects of the administrative role. A change in overall economic conditions or any other force not entirely controllable by management may require adjustments to be made by the organization. And since the demands for adjustment which stem from sources both external and internal to the organization-are numerous, complex, and vary in predictability, management must necessarily choose to focus on some demands more than others. leia todo o artigo
a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organisational objectives by making the best use of knowledge
